Have you not considered those who were forbidden from private conversation [i.e., ridicule and conspiracy] and then return to that which they were forbidden and converse among themselves about sin and aggression and disobedience to the Messenger? And when they come to you, they greet you with that [word] by which Allāh does not greet you1 and say among themselves, "Why does Allāh not punish us for what we say?" Sufficient for them is Hell, which they will [enter to] burn, and wretched is the destination.
Translation: Saheeh International (English)
1 This is in reference to the Jews who would greet the Muslims with the words "Death be upon you," rather than "Peace."
وَيَتَنَٰجَوۡنَand they hold secret counselswayatanājawna
بِٱلۡإِثۡمِfor sinbil-ith'mi
وَٱلۡعُدۡوَٰنِand aggressionwal-ʿud'wāni
وَمَعۡصِيَتِand disobediencewamaʿṣiyati
ٱلرَّسُولِۖ(to) the Messengerl-rasūli
وَإِذَاAnd whenwa-idhā
جَآءُوكَthey come to youjāūka
حَيَّوۡكَthey greet youḥayyawka
بِمَاwith whatbimā
لَمۡnotlam
يُحَيِّكَgreets youyuḥayyika
بِهِtherewithbihi
ٱللَّهُAllahl-lahu
وَيَقُولُونَand they saywayaqūlūna
فِيٓamongfī
أَنفُسِهِمۡthemselvesanfusihim
لَوۡلَاWhy (does) notlawlā
يُعَذِّبُنَاAllah punish usyuʿadhibunā
ٱللَّهُAllah punish usl-lahu
بِمَاfor whatbimā
نَقُولُۚwe saynaqūlu
حَسۡبُهُمۡSufficient (for) themḥasbuhum
جَهَنَّمُ(is) Helljahannamu
يَصۡلَوۡنَهَاۖthey will burn in ityaṣlawnahā
فَبِئۡسَand worst isfabi'sa
ٱلۡمَصِيرُthe destinationl-maṣīru
Tafsir
O Messenger! Do you not see the Jews who used to secretly whisper when they would see a believer, then Allah prohibited them from such whispering, but they would return to committing exactly that which Allah prohibited them from: secretly discussing sin among themselves i.e. backbiting the believers, inciting people against them, and disobedience to the Messenger. O Messenger! When they come to they greet you with a greeting Allah has not taught you to greet with, i.e. by saying: ‘As-sāmu ‘alayk’ meaning ‘death be upon you’, and they say, rejecting the Prophet (peace be upon him): “Why does Allah not punish us for what we say? Because if he was truthful in his claim that he is a Prophet, Allah would have punished us for what we say about him!” Hell is enough of a punishment for them for what they say; they will definitely suffer its heat. What an evil outcome they will face!