The month of Ramaḍān [is that] in which was revealed the Qur’ān, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the crescent of] the month,1 let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allāh intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allāh for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.
فَعِدَّةٞthen prescribed number (should be made up)faʿiddatun
مِّنۡfrommin
أَيَّامٍdaysayyāmin
أُخَرَۗotherukhara
يُرِيدُIntendsyurīdu
ٱللَّهُAllahl-lahu
بِكُمُfor youbikumu
ٱلۡيُسۡرَ[the] easel-yus'ra
وَلَاand notwalā
يُرِيدُintendsyurīdu
بِكُمُfor youbikumu
ٱلۡعُسۡرَ[the] hardshipl-ʿus'ra
وَلِتُكۡمِلُواْso that you completewalituk'milū
ٱلۡعِدَّةَthe prescribed periodl-ʿidata
وَلِتُكَبِّرُواْand that you magnifywalitukabbirū
ٱللَّهَAllahl-laha
عَلَىٰforʿalā
مَا[what]mā
هَدَىٰكُمۡHe guided youhadākum
وَلَعَلَّكُمۡso that you maywalaʿallakum
تَشۡكُرُونَ(be) gratefultashkurūna
Tafsir
The Qur’ān was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) on the Night of Decree in the month of Ramadan. Allah revealed it as a guidance for people, with clear proofs of its guidance, and the criterion between the truth and falsehood. Whoever reaches the month of Ramadan, and is well and healthy, is required to fast; and whoever is ill, or for whom fasting is difficult, or is travelling, then they may break their fast. If they do not fast then they must perform make-up fasts for the days they missed at another time. Allah intends ease, and not hardship, in what He decrees for you; and wants you to complete the right number of days and to glorify Him upon the completion of Ramadan, on the day of Eid, as He helped you and made it possible for you to fast, so that you thank Allah for guiding you to this religion which He has approved for you.